考研语法小知识：强调句结构及用法

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强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。

英语常用的强调结构是“It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)…”。一般说来，被强调部分指人时，用who;指事物时用that，但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。

1.简单句与强调句型之间的互换

简单句：主语+谓语+宾语+定语+状语+补语→It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分

被强调部分：只限于主语、宾语或状语

Who：强调主语是人，并仅限于主语

【例句】Mr. Wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife in Comrade Street at the age of five.王先生五岁那年在同志街邂逅了他一生当中的第六个女朋友。

(1)强调主语

It wasMr. Wangwho encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife in Comrade Street at the age of five.

(2)强调宾语

It wasthe sixth girlfriend in his lifethat Mr. Wang encountered in Comrade Street at the age of five.

(3)强调地点状语

It wasin Comrade Streetthat Mr. Wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife at the age of five.

(4)强调时间状语

It wasat the age of fivethat Mr. Wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his life in Comrade Street.

2.如何强调谓语

借助助动词强调谓语，助动词包括do/does/did，根据不同的时态和不同的主语人称有不同选择，助动词介入时谓语动词要变成原形。

(1)主语为第一人称、第二人称或复数主语，时态为一般现在时，用do。

【例句】

I appreciate your help.

I do appreciate your help.

(2)时态为一般现在时，用did。

【例句】

I made a dream last night.

I did make a dream last night.

(3)主语为第三人称或单数主语，时态为一般现在时，用does。

【例句】

She becomes a man.

She does become a man.

3.真题中强调句的解析

It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a“liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.

译文：虽然(说这话)在某种意义上说有点随性，但正是这种对自然或明或暗的描述，才使得用“花园”一词来形容这些人工建筑显得那么贴切。

句式还原：

(1)It is…that…(强调句)

(2)被强调部分this implicit or explicit reference to nature在that引导的从句中充当主语。

→将被强调部分还原于从句变为简单句：This implicit or explicit reference to nature fully justifies the use of word garden to describe these synthetic constructions.