2016考研英语：非谓语动词语法解析

考研英语来源：文都教育 2015-10-20　

考研英语阅读理解中长难句的考察一直是历年考的重点和难点。而长难句中常常会出现非谓语动词，而各式各样的非谓语动词经常搞得同学们头昏脑涨，导致句子分析不正确，不明白句子含义。本文就来谈一下常见的几种非谓语动词形式及其作用。

下面我们来看几个考研英语阅读真题中的句子:

1、Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.

reforming the system动名词短语做主语

2、Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the
profession have been too conservative to implement them.

to implement them不定式短语作结果状语

3、I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come
to realize this.

associated with the company过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰somepeople

4.It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.

terrifying, embarrassing现在分词作表语

大家分析对了吗？可以总结出非谓语动词的几种形式和在句中的作用了吗？一般来说，非谓语动词有四种形式，分别是动名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词。如下表格所示，它们在句子中可以充当以下句子成分：

	主语	宾语	定语	状语	补语	表语	同位语
动名词	√	√	√			√	√
现在分词			√	√	√	√
过去分词			√	√	√	√
动词不定式	√	√	√	√	√	√	√

为了帮助大家记忆非谓语动词可以充当的成分，告诉大家一个小窍门：

1．动词不定式和动名词有名词的作用，在句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语。

2．动词不定式和分词有形容词的作用，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

3．动词不定式和分词有副词的作用，在句中作状语。

通过非谓语动词短语的词性，我们就可以判断出它们所充当的成分了。

下面我们通过分析一句话来看一下大家是否真正掌握了非谓语动词。

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.

首先，allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms作主语，to own shares in law firms不定式作宾补。在英语中有些动词要求接动词不定式作宾补。它表示该动作发生在谓语动词之后，属将要发生的动作。有这种用法的动词常见的有：allow；ask; tell; get; wish; like; want; expect; prefer; enable; teach; know; understand; would like; cause; force; know; intend; permit; request; order; invite; encourage; warn; remind; oblige; forbid; challenge; drive，等。例如：

Wei Fang asked me to go shopping with her.

（“逛商场”这个动作发生在“叫”之后。）

然后来看一下encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency这一个长的动名词短语，实际上尽管它非常长，但是它只是介词by的宾语。其中to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency不定式短语是law firms的宾补，to focus on improving firms’ efficiency不定式短语作目的状语。

总而言之，由于考研英语阅读理解和翻译中，非谓语动词的考察非常普遍，所以大家一定要能快速识别出非谓语动词进而分析句子。另外，在写作中，大家也可以使用非谓语动词来进行造句，这会让我们的文章句式更丰富和高级。