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考研英语阅读理解占了总分数的40%,可谓是占了英语成绩的半壁江山。在考研界有个说法是:得英语者得考研之天下,英语得阅读者得成败之江山。由此,考研英语阅读的重要性可见一斑。阅读的词汇、句型、句式和语法等的重要性这里不在赘述,这里从标点符号的角度给大家讲一下怎样做阅读理解的长难句分析。
1.句号。
句号表示一句话的结束,新一句话的开始,提示读者该句的表达意思已结束。
用来分割句子 ,以句号为单位,把段分隔成块,逐个击破。句号(。)或句点(.)是用于陈述句末尾的标点。在文章内使用时:“陈述句末尾的停顿,用句号。”“语气舒缓的祈使句末尾,也用句号。英语中的句号为“.”(Period),被称作“句点”。
2.逗号。
逗号把句子切分为意群,表示小于分号大于顿号的停顿。逗号英语中是使用频率最高的标点符号。
考研英语阅读中,在两个逗号中间是一个补充说明成分时,在阅读过程中可以跳过去不读。
例如:(真题2014Text2)After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.
3.冒号。
通常表示提示语后的停顿或表示提示下文或总括上文。它进一步补充说明前面的内容,冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。
在考研英语阅读理解中,冒号的作用是:解释说明、举例子。
例如:(真题2014Text1)Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.
句子中,冒号进一步补充说明前面的内容。
4.分号。
分号是一种介于逗号和句号之间的标点符号,主要用以分隔存在一定关系(并列、转折、承接、因果等,通常以并列关系居多)的两句分句--分句可以属于单重复句,也可以是多重复句的第一层分句,或者是大句中的并列部分。除此之外,分号还可以用来分隔作为列举分项出现的并列短语,或是同一义项的不同释义。
考研英语中,分号是用来分隔句子的,并列结构:语意上的并列、结构上的并列。
分号的作用:并列和转折。
例如:(真题2004Text1)Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database ; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.
43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.
[A] advisory [B] compensation [C] interaction [D] reminder
句子中分号表示并列,分号前面的 tip service 就和后面的 a reminder形成并列,由此第43题可以快速找出答案,选D。
5.破折号。
它的作用是:引进对前文的注释、说明,表示声音的延长或中断,表示意思的转折或话题的转换等。
两个破折号之间是补充说明成分,在阅读中可以当成是插入语,可以先不读。如果不能读懂破折号之前的句子的意思可借助破折号间的内容加以理解。
例如:(真题2013Text1)
1.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable——meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.
2.Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
3.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.
这三个句子都是表示的对前面的注释说明,在阅读的时候可以先跳过不读。
6.引号。
引用和讽刺两种作用:⑴引用某人的观点(是支持还是反对);⑵用来反讽,讽刺。在考研英语中引用的目的:不论是正面还是反面引述都是为了说明核心概念、中心思想,否则就没有意义。
例如:(真题2014Text1)
1.In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.
2.On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
第一个句子中的引号,表达的引用;第二个引号的作用是反讽,讽刺。由此可以推断作者对于“改革”的态度是否定的、讽刺的。
7.括号。
括号是一种标号,它引括对前文的注释、说明、列举和评价等内容。有的是对前文中的一个词进行的,有的是对前文的一个句子进行的等。两种作用:补充说明、解释生词。
例如:(真题2006Text3)Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.
句子中两个括号都是解释括号前面生词的含义的。
8.问号。
问号是语气语调的辅助符号工具,表示一句话完了之后的停顿。
用于疑问句、设问句和反问句结尾。疑问句末尾的停顿,用问号。反问句的末尾,也用问号。考研英语中,问号往往是反问,表达了作者对于文中话题的态度,多为否定、怀疑和批判。
例如:(真题2013Text2)Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?
30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of
[A] indulgence. [B] understanding. [C] appreciation. [D] skepticism.
根据最后一句的问号,我们可以推测出作者的态度是怀疑的,选D。
总之,对于考研英语阅读,标点符号也不可小觑,有时间往往一个标点符号就可以打开对于长难句的把握之路,小编希望考研的学子也重视起来。从各个角度来瓦解阅读的长难句,从而攻克阅读,取得考研天下。
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