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插入语是考研英语阅读常见的一种语法现象,是说话者对所表达意思的补充、强调、解释或者表明说话的态度,其位置灵活,常常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开,并且在语法上不影响其他成分。本文就来谈谈如何应对考研英语阅读理解中的插入语。掌握插入语,需要从以下维度着手:
一、 插入语常以副词(副词短语)、形容词(形容词短语)、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等形式出现。
(1)常见的副词及短语: indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily,certainly 等。
(2)常见的形容词及短语: funny, needless to say (不用说), most important of all 等。
(3)常见的介词短语: by the way, in a few words/ in sum/ in short (简而言之),in other words(换言之),in general(总体而言), in one’s opinion/judgment(按照某人的意见), in fact, in the first place,of course, to one’s knowledge/ surprise/ regret/ satisfaction/ mind/ joy/ disappointment等。
(4)常见的现在分词短语: strictly/generally/honestly/personally / exactly / physically / speaking (严格地/一般地/坦诚地等)说; judging from / by …(根据……判断)等。
(5)常见的动词不定式短语: to be sure (无疑地), to sum up (概括地说), to tell the truth(说实话), to be honest(说实话), to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly, to put it in another way, to begin / start with 等。
二、插入句可以为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下: sb. think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose/write, I am sure (我可以肯定地说), that is ( to say )(也就是说), it seems (看来是), as I see it (照我看来), what’s more, what’s worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 严重的是), I'm afraid (恐怕) , it is said (据说), as we all know (众所周知)等。
三、其前一般有逗号或破折号,如:
The true enemies of science, argues Paul of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
argues Paul of Stanford University是插入语,表示此观点是Paul的,a pioneer of environmental studies是插入语,具体说明Paul的身份。插入语与其他成分通过逗号分隔开来。这句话可以译为环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗认为,科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出质疑的人。
The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.
everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring是插入语,具体解释grand mediocrity,与其他成分用破折号分隔开来,我们翻译的时候可以保留破折号。本句译为:当今人与人在很大程度上的平等——即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等,并且连子嗣的数目都一样——这意味着和印度土著部落的情况相比,自然选择在印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80%的作用。
最后提醒大家在阅读中,遇到插入语时,可以先忽略不读,等完成全句的阅读后再来看插入语内容,从而帮助理解主句。
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