2015考研英语基础阶段长难句常见问题（三）

考研英语来源：文都教育 2014-04-23　

本文继续给大家分享基础阶考研英语段长难句的常见问题，希望大家认真总结：

1、Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status. 老师，麻烦您把"in response... status"这部分的结构给分析下吧，谢谢！
解析：children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status是从句，children是主语，commit宾语，in response to 状语。

本句是宾语从句，难点在in response to后的翻译，切分意群：Theories focusing on the role of society/ suggest /that children commit crimes /in response to their failure /to rise above their socioeconomic status.需要大家来意译：
强调社会角色的理论认为，孩子们犯罪是他们自己没有成功地超越现有的社会经济地位的(自发的，本能的)反应行为。

2、Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

解析：首先我们来切分意群：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

然后我们在翻译时要注意：

1)主干结构是主从复合句：Some philosophers argue that...

2)that引导的是宾语从句

3)as part of.。。是宾语从句中的rights的主语补足语。

同时我们学员在翻译时要注意以下的词汇：

argue 论证

a social contract 社会契约

as part of 作为(是)……的一部分

entitlements 利益，权利

综合以上的分析我们可以意译：

有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。

3、It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all。

解析：首先我们来切分意群：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think /that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or /with no consideration at all。

然后我们翻译时要注意以下几个部分：

1) it invites you to think that…后面是宾语从句。

2) animals should be treated either with..., or with.。。要么……要么……，是表示选择的方式状语。

3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定语。

最后翻译时要注意以下的词汇：

leads ...to extremes 引向极端

at the outset 从一开始

invites you to think 使人们认为

consideration 关切，体谅

humans extend to other humans 人对待人

综合以上的总结我们可以意译：

这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。