2017考研：英语（一）阅读A考点考向点睛

考研英语来源：万学海文 2016-12-16　

I高频考点出处

一、as结构

regard…as…(2011)
call…as…(2011)
use…as…(2004)
consider…as…(2004)
treat…as…(2014)
portray…as…(2014)
view…as…
see…as…
look upon…as
treat…as…
think of…as…

二、否定词

2011 Q22 细节题---猜词 unpretentious-modest
2011 Q39 细节推理题---猜词 unrealistic-misleading
2012 Q26 词义题 reneging on-dishonoring
2012 Q40 态度题 but, bad-disapproval
2013 Q23词义题 indictment-accusation
2014 Q24 细节推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy
2015 Q27 态度题 discard-disapproval
2016 Q31 态度题 not be clear-cut -skepticism

三、特殊标点

2013 Q34 细节题冒号
2012 Q24 细节推理题冒号
2012Q 29 细节题冒号
2011 Q36 观点题冒号
2007 Q31 细节题冒号
2012 Q36推理题分号
2013 Q25主旨题分号
2014 Q38细节题分号
2016 Q36 细节题分号

四、观点动词

2012 Q22 hold -argue Q34 agree-describe
2013 Q28 hold -say Q39 claim
2014 Q32 think- say Q35 believe
2015 Q28 believe Q34 hold-say Q38 believe Q39 hold-
2016 Q27 hold Q37 suggest-say Q39believe-remark

II阅读解题技巧

【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法
【解题步骤】
1.找题干关键词，精确定位到文章（题干的关键词一般会定位到文章的某句或者相连的两句中)
2.将所选答案精确定位到文章
【例题】2015年Text2
28. The author believes that exploring one's phone contents is comparable to________.
[A] getting into one's residence
[B] handling one's historical records
[C] scanning one's correspondences
[D]going through one's wallet
They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, going through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing," meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
【解题步骤应用】
本题要注意，题干考查的是作者观点，很多考生会定位到第一句话，此句中出现了California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to,说明这是California的观点。作者观点从but后出，exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home.
1 题干定位：but之后
题干exploring one's phone contents -文章exploring one's smartphone
题干is -文章is
题干comparable to-文章more like
因此，答案定位在entering his or her home
2 选项定位
答案[A] getting into one's residence
匹配情况为：
A get into -文章enter
A one's residence- his or her home

二、推断题

近几年这种题的考频不是很高，但是依然要按照方法来做。
【解题方法】找段落中心句
寻找段落中心句方法：
第一、逻辑上出现转承关系的句子（转折、因果、递进，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示词的句子）；
第二、有明确表示观点的路标指引词（think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…）
第三、含有情态动词的句子（should, must…）
第四、含有特殊标点的句子（冒号、破折号、引号、括号）
第五、特殊句型（疑问句、倒装句、强调句、省略句）
第六、平铺直叙段落中，注意首末句
【解题步骤】
1.根据题干，寻找该段落中心句,
2.正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写
【例题】2013年Text1
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
[D] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment-including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line-Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.
【解题步骤应用】
1.寻找段落中心句（分号、比较级、双重否定、特殊结构only when）
Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.分号之前句义晦涩，根据并列原则可以看分号之后。
2.正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写
答案[C] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to
匹配值为：
[C]pricing--- afford
is vital to---only when
environment-friendly（环保的）--- more sustainably（可持续的）
purchasing---culture
old world---European

三、态度题

【解题方法】作者态度分类法
1.在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点。
1）作者态度可以分为三大类：a. 正向肯定态度：支持，乐观，赞同； b. 客观、中立、公正；c. 负向反对态度：反对、批评、怀疑
2）特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。
2. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意：
1）有些选项一般不是正确答案（陪衬选项）：tolerance（包容）；indifferent（漠不关心）；subjective（主观的）；biased（有偏见的）；puzzled（迷惑不解的）。
3.态度题的新趋势：
1）现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度，也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度，做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。
2）近几年有个明线的趋势，一些否定的态度词往往跟容易成为答案。Skeptical，critical，questionable，suspicious，doubtful，disapproval。
【解题步骤】
1.判断选项ABCD的态度正负向，将四个选项进行分类（正向，负向）
2.根据关键词，回文定位判断态度。
【例题】
2015年Text 2
They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.
27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of_______.
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D]cautiousness.
【解题步骤应用】
1 判断选项态度的正负向
[A] disapproval反对的（负）
[B] indifference漠不关心的（中立）
[C] tolerance包容（正）
[D] cautiousness谨慎的（正）
2 回文判断态度
They should start by discarding California's lame argument
因此，根据文章的discarding，可以确定是表示负向否定态度，因此答案选A。

四、主旨题

【解题方法】1串线法 2主题词复现法 3框架法
【解题步骤】
1.找出段落中心句或者主题词
2.串联各段段落中心句，合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨
【例题】2016年Text 4
40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand
[C] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
[D] Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
"Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake," says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
【解题步骤应用】
本体用篇首主题复现法，篇首反复出现print和newspaper/paper等词，说明文章的中心与这两个词相关。只要答案[D] Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good
复合该要求。

五、词汇题

【解题方法】1. 构词法猜词2. 语法猜词 3.形似猜词
【解题步骤】
1.拆分词词根词缀
2.联系上下文语法猜词
3.如果两句话语法结构相似，那么他们的对应部分的语义容易相似
【例题】2013年Text2
27. "The industry" (Line 4, Para.3) refers to_______.
[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers
①In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track" (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. ②Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. ③In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
【解题步骤】
本题按照常规的构词法和句子语法无法分析答案。会发现①句和③句的结构相似，句子去掉修饰语后。结构相似部分如下。
① In December 2010(FTC)proposedadding a (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.
② In Februarythe FTC and(DAA)agreedthatthe industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
如上所示，两个句子由于结构相似引发了语义相似，①句灰色部分是从句，因为考点在主句，所以从句先不看。很容易发现猜词the industry，对应的部分是internet browsers。所以答案选D。