2012考研英语基础阶段测试题及答案

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考试时间：120分钟     满分：100分

Section I Vocabulary and Structure (36 points)

Directions:    There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center。

1. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ________ too long。

A. has been reading        B. had read        C. is reading         D. read

2. Niagara Falls is a great tourist ________, drawing millions of visitors every year。

A. attention        B. attraction      C. appointment      D. arrangement

3. The hopes, goals, fears and desires ________ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor。

A. alter           B. shift           C. transfer          D. vary

4. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ________ in Cuba。

A. being cultivated        B. been cultivated    C. having cultivated        D. cultivating

5. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ________ on benches, chairs or boxes。

A. having seated       B. seating      C. seated      D. having been seated

6. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ________ comfortably。

A. is worn         B. wears          C. wearing          D. are worn

7. Some diseases are ________ by certain water animals。

A. transplanted       B. transformed      C. transported       D. transmitted

8. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders ________ will happen to her private life。

A. that           B. what        C. it           D. this

9. —“May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight?”

—“I’m sorry. Mr. Williams ________ to a conference long before then。”

A. will have gone       B. had gone     C. would have gone       D. has gone

10. You ________ him so closely; you should have kept your distance。

A. shouldn’t follow                            B. mustn’t follow

C. couldn’t have been following                D. shouldn’t have been following

11. We agreed to accept ________ they thought was the best tourist guide。

A. whatever         B. whomever        C. whichever       D. whoever

12. It is our ________ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means。

A. consistent        B. continuous       C. considerate       D. continual

13. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded ________27%。

A. by           B. for          C. to            D. in

14. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ________ it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors。

A. by which       B. to which       C. in that         D. so that

15. He is ________ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year。

A. optimistic       B. optional      C. outstanding      D. obvious

16. Sometimes I wish I ________ in a different time and a different place。

A. be living                B. were living        C. would lived            D. would have lived

17. The director was critical ________ the way we were doing the work。

A. at             B. in          C. of            D. with

18. In a sudden ________ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach。

A. attack          B. burst          C. split           D. blast

19. ________ she realized it was too late to go home。

A. No sooner it grew dark than                B. Hardly did it grow dark that

C. Scarcely had it grown dark than            D. It was not until dark that

20. In Britain people ________ four million tons of potatoes every year。

A. swallow           B. dispose        C. consume          D. exhaust

21. I’d ________ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan。

A. take into account        B. account for        C. make up for            D. make out
22. It is essential that these application forms ________ back as early as possible。

A. must be sent       B. will be sent        C. are sent       D. be sent

23. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it ________ enough to eat。

A. mild           B. slight        C. light         D. tender

24. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ________。

A. nuisance        B. trouble      C. worry           D. anxiety

25. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you ________ you need。

A. all the information                            B. all the informations

C. all of information                            D. all of the information

26. Young people are not ________ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in。

A. conservative      B. content       C. confident        D. generous

27. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is ________。

A. granted       B. implied       C. exaggerated        D. remedied

28. I have no objection ________ your story again。

A. to hear        B. to hearing       C. to having heard     D. to have heard

29. The clothes a person wears may express his ________ or social position。

A. curiosity          B. status       C. determination     D. significance

30. You will see this product ________ wherever you go。

A. to be advertised        B. advertised    C. advertise       D. advertising

31. The early pioneers had to ________ many hardships to settle on the new land。

A. go along with        B. go back on       C. go through       D. go into

32. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ________ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women。

A. whose             B. which        C. that          D. what

33. I didn’t know the word. I had to ________ a dictionary。

A. look out         B. make out       C. refer to         D. go over

34. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds ________ his arguments in favor of the new theory。

A. to be based on            B. to base on            C. which to base on        D. on which to base

35. There are signs ________ restaurants are becoming more popular with families。

A. that              B. which        C. in which         D. whose

36. It is said that the math teacher seems ________ towards bright students。

A. partial        B. beneficial      C. preferable         D. liable

Section II Cloze (10 points)

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. You should write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET。

If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __37__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __38__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __39__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __40__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __41__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __42__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __43__. He must either sell some of his property or __44__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __45__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __46__ obtainable。

37.    [A] other than   [B] as well as    [C] instead of    [D] more than

38.    [A] only if      [B] much as       [C] long before   [D] ever since

39.    [A] for          [B] against       [C] of            [D] towards

40.    [A] replace      [B] purchase      [C] supplement    [D] dispose

41.    [A] enhance      [B] mix           [C] feed          [D] raise

42.    [A] vessels      [B] routes         [C] paths        [D] channels

43.    [A] self-confident    [B] self-sufficient        [C] self-satisfied    [D] self-restrained

44.    [A] search        [B] save           [C] offer        [D] seek

45.    [A] proportion    [B] percentage      [C] rate        [D] ratio

46.    [A] genuinely     [B] obviously       [C] presumably  [D] frequently
Section III Reading Comprehension (24 points)

Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil。

Text 1

Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get。”

Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things。

You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served。

Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services。

This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, you could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner。

When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now。

　47.    What do the elders mean when they say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get。”？

[A] You’ll certainly get what you want。

[B] It’s no use dreaming。

[C] You should be dissatisfied with what you have。

[D] It’s essential to set a goal for yourself。

48.    [A] blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as ________。

[A] an illustration of how to write an application for a job

[B] an indication of how to secure a good job

[C] a guideline for job description

[D] a principle for job evaluation

49.    According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because ________。

[A] that is the first step to please the employer

[B] that is the requirement of the employer

[C] it enables him to know when to sell his services

[D] it forces him to become clearly aware of himself

50.    When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something ________。

[A] definite to offer

[B] imaginary to provide

[C] practical to supply

[D] desirable to present

　Text 2

Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children。

One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the ‘win at all costs’ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”

By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful。
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B’s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management。

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged。

51.    According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________。

[A] impatient

[B] considerate

[C] aggressive

[D] agreeable

52.    The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________。

[A] the pressure is too great on the students

[B] some students are bound to fail

[C] failure rates are too high

[D] the results of exanimations are doubtful

53.    The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________。

[A] candidates’ sensitivity

[B] academic achievements

[C] competitive spirit

[D] surer values

54.    From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________。

[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth

[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics

[C] the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors

[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society

Text 3

It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history。”

The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling。

Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says。

55.    From the second paragraph we learn that ________。

[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries

[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia

[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law

[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage

56.    When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________。

[A] observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia

[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries

[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes

[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
　57.    When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________。

[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia

[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient

[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering

[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days

58.    The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________。

[A] opposition

[B] suspicion

[C] approval

[D] indifference

Section IV Translation (10 Points)

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English (10 points)

59.    所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。

60.    我们恳切希望你早日给我们一个答复。

61.    即使你说服不了他，也不要灰心丧气。

62.    这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。

63.    你讲英语时，发音要准，否则人家就听不懂你的意思。

Section V Writing (20 points)

DIRECTIONS:

[A] Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD

[B] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

[C] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “Nowadays there is often a misunderstanding between parent and child。”

[D] Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET。

OUTLINE:

1. Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child

2. Possible reasons: 1) Different likes and dislikes 2) Misunderstanding 3) Others

3. Suggestions: 1) For parents 2) For children

测试题答案

Section I Vocabulary and Structure (36 points)

1-5 ABDAC            6-10 BDBAD        11-15 DAACA            16-20 BCBDC

21-25 ADDAA        26-30 BCBBB        31-35 CACDA            36 A

Section II Cloze (10 points)

37-41 CABAC        42-46 DBDCD

Section III Reading Comprehension (24 points)

47-50 BADA            51-54 CBBC            55-58 DBAC

Section IV Translation (10 Points)

59. All those who work hard should be encouraged。

60. We sincerely hope that you give us an early reply。

61. Don’t feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him。

62. So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter。

63. When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct. Otherwise you can’t make yourself understood。

Section V Writing (20 points)

For A Better Understanding Between Parent And Child

Nowadays, there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child. One generation often feels that its style of life is different from another generation’s style. The feeling that each family unit should have a separate residence is characteristic. No one wants to intrude or be intruded upon. Both parents and child feel that the other’s presence would upset and change the normal routine。

One of the reasons for present situation is that there are different likes and dislikes between parents and child. For example, the child likes glittering disco, rock-and-roll music or loves movies for his entertainment at night while the parents like peaceful environment and physical exercises. They would like to spend their evenings of life in happiness。

Secondly, there often exists misunderstanding between parent and child. The child doesn’t know what his parent thinks and acts, while the parent doesn’t understand what his children want to do. In general, young people enjoy a great deal of freedom, while their parents always keep their traditional style of life。

Thirdly, children often do not feel an equal share of responsibility toward their parents. For example, a brother sometimes feels that his sisters are responsible for physical care of their parents. One child may resent another’s reluctance to help, provoking misunderstanding and bitterness. Not all of the children may be financially capable of contributing an equal share to the cost of their parent’s care。

I argue that it is unfair to say that they are self-centered. Parent and child should often communicate each other. By discovering things about both sides, they can interact much better and help each other to deal with their problems for a better understanding between parents and child。

该范文字数过多，283 words，仅供语言和表达上的参考。